The Burn Ramp
What Boston biotechs plan to spend, before they spend it.
When a company tells investors its cash will last into the first half of 2028, it is also saying how fast it plans to spend. This page turns each company's own runway guidance into that monthly burn and sets it against the last four quarters, so a spending ramp is visible a quarter or two before it reaches the cash flow statement.
What the filings say
Of the 35 companies whose guidance can be compared with quarter-end cash, 25 say their money runs out sooner than their recent spending suggests, even on the most generous reading of their wording. Across all 35, the guided date sits a median of 8 months earlier than trailing burn implies, and 18 are planning to spend at least a quarter faster than they did over the last year. Trailing burn is the number most outside readers use, and for most of these companies it flatters the runway.
- Give a dated runway
- 55
- of 100 companies tracked
- Compared cleanly
- 35
- guidance on quarter-end cash only
- Planning to spend faster
- 18
- 25%+ above the last year, on any reading
- Guided date earlier than the outside view
- 25
- of 35, on the most generous reading
Planned monthly burn, as a multiple of the last four quarters
Each line spans the earliest and latest reading of the company’s own wording. 1× means guidance matches recent spending.
- Planning to spend faster (25%+)
- In line with the last year
Company by company
Ranked by planned pace. Open a row to read the sentence the number comes from; every one links to the filing on EDGAR.
| Company | Last year, per month | Guidance implies | Pace | Cash lasts into | Outside view | Read |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Damora TherapeuticsDMRAThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 10, 2026“Based on current estimates of our expenses going forward, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents of $540.5 million as of June 30, 2026 will be sufficient to fund our operations into the second half of 2029.”Open the filing | $3.7M | $12.8M–$15.0M | 3.5–4.0× | H2 2029Jul–Dec 2029 | 60+ moguided 36 mo–42 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Keros TherapeuticsKROSThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 3, 2026“Based on our current operating assumptions, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our projected liquidity requirements into the first half of 2028.”Open the filing | $4.0M | $10.7M–$14.3M | 2.7–3.6× | H1 2028Jan–Jun 2028 | 60+ moguided 18 mo–24 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Kailera TherapeuticsKLRAThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 12, 2026“We believe that the cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand as of June 30, 2026 will be sufficient to fund our operations into mid-2028.”Open the filing | $15.9M | $44.9M–$53.2M | 2.8–3.4× | mid-2028May–Aug 2028 | 60+ moguided 22 mo–26 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Praxis Precision MedicinesPRAXThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We expect that our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026 will be sufficient to fund our operating expenditures and capital expenditure requirements necessary to advance our operating activities into 2028.”Open the filing | $25.4M | $45.7M–$76.0M | 1.8–3.0× | 2028Jan–Dec 2028 | 54 moguided 18 mo–30 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Candel TherapeuticsCADLThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 13, 2026“We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first quarter of 2028.”Open the filing | $4.7M | $9.6M–$11.2M | 2.1–2.4× | Q1 2028Jan–Mar 2028 | 43 moguided 18 mo–21 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Kymera TherapeuticsKYMRThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 5, 2026“We believe the existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand will be sufficient to fund our operations into 2029, beyond multiple clinical inflection points in our pipeline.”Open the filing | $19.7M | $35.8M–$50.0M | 1.8–2.5× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 60+ moguided 30 mo–42 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Hemab TherapeuticsCOAGThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 11, 2026“We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2029.”Open the filing | $6.0M | $10.9M–$15.2M | 1.8–2.5× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 60+ moguided 30 mo–42 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Enanta PharmaceuticalsENTAThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 12, 2026“Based on our operating plan, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term marketable securities as of June 30, 2026, as well as the cash flows from our retained portion of future HCV royalties, will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into fiscal 2029.”Open the filing | $2.9M | $4.9M–$7.0M | 1.6–2.4× | fiscal 2029Oct 2028–Sep 2029 | 60+ moguided 27 mo–39 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Acumen PharmaceuticalsABOSThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 12, 2026“The current balance of our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities is expected to fund our operations into early 2027.”Open the filing | $7.6M | $11.0M–$18.1M | 1.4–2.4× | early 2027Jan–Apr 2027 | 14 moguided 6 mo–10 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Sionna TherapeuticsSIONThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“Based upon our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operations into 2028.”Open the filing | $6.3M | $8.9M–$14.8M | 1.4–2.3× | 2028Jan–Dec 2028 | 42 moguided 18 mo–30 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Seaport TherapeuticsSPTXThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 3, 2026“Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2029.”Open the filing | $6.8M | $10.2M–$14.2M | 1.5–2.1× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 60+ moguided 30 mo–42 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Fulcrum TherapeuticsFULCThe sentence, 10-Q filed Jul 30, 2026“We believe that our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2029.”Open the filing | $5.5M | $7.6M–$10.6M | 1.4–1.9× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 58 moguided 30 mo–42 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Black Diamond TherapeuticsBDTXThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 5, 2026“As of June 30, 2026, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments of approximately $110.5 million, which we believe will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2028.”Open the filing | $2.7M | $3.7M–$4.6M | 1.3–1.7× | H2 2028Jul–Dec 2028 | 40 moguided 24 mo–30 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Parabilis MedicinesPBLSThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 13, 2026“We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2030.”Open the filing | $15.8M | $20.7M–$26.6M | 1.3–1.7× | 2030Jan–Dec 2030 | 60+ moguided 42 mo–54 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Entrada TherapeuticsTRDAThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 5, 2026“Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026 will be sufficient to fund our operations into the third quarter of 2027.”Open the filing | $11.2M | $14.8M–$18.5M | 1.3–1.7× | Q3 2027Jul–Sep 2027 | 20 moguided 12 mo–15 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Relay TherapeuticsRLAYThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We believe our cash, cash equivalents, and investments of $910.9 million as of June 30, 2026 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2029.”Open the filing | $17.7M | $21.6M–$30.3M | 1.2–1.7× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 52 moguided 30 mo–42 mo | In line with the last year |
C4 TherapeuticsCCCCThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 11, 2026“We believe that these funds will be sufficient to fund our planned operating expenses to the end of 2028.”Open the filing | $7.1M | $10.0M–$10.3M | 1.4–1.5× | end of 2028Dec 2028 | 42 moguided 29 mo–30 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Rapport TherapeuticsRAPPThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 5, 2026“We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2029.”Open the filing | $8.1M | $10.4M–$12.1M | 1.3–1.5× | H2 2029Jul–Dec 2029 | 54 moguided 36 mo–42 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Scholar RockSRRKThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“Based on our current operating model, we expect that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2027.”Open the filing | $24.7M | $27.2M–$40.9M | 1.1–1.7× | H2 2027Jul–Dec 2027 | 20 moguided 12 mo–18 mo | In line with the last year |
Bicara TherapeuticsBCAXThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 11, 2026“Based upon our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements into the first half of 2029.”Open the filing | $11.2M | $13.8M–$16.5M | 1.2–1.5× | H1 2029Jan–Jun 2029 | 44 moguided 30 mo–36 mo | In line with the last year |
Upstream BioUPBThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 11, 2026“Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through 2027.”Open the filing | $11.4M | $14.5M–$15.3M | 1.3× | end of 2027Dec 2027 | 23 moguided 17 mo–18 mo | Planning to spend faster |
Ocular TherapeutixOCULThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 3, 2026“Based on our current operating plan, which includes estimates of anticipated cash inflows from DEXTENZA product sales and cash outflows from operating expenses and capital expenditures and reflects our observance of the minimum liquidity covenant of $20.0 million under the Barings Credit Agreement, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026, will enable us to fund our planned operating expenses, debt service obligations and capital expenditure requirements into 2028.”Open the filing | $19.9M | $19.9M–$33.1M | 1.0–1.7× | 2028Jan–Dec 2028 | 30 moguided 18 mo–30 mo | In line with the last year |
PepGenPEPGThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our currently planned operations into the fourth quarter of 2027.”Open the filing | $5.8M | $6.5M–$7.8M | 1.1–1.3× | Q4 2027Oct–Dec 2027 | 20 moguided 15 mo–18 mo | In line with the last year |
Disc MedicineIRONThe sentence, 10-Q filed Jul 30, 2026“We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our current operating and capital expenditure plans and our debt service obligations into 2029, without taking into account any potential net cash inflows from bitopertin or any other marketed product, if approved during such period.”Open the filing | $16.5M | $17.1M–$23.9M | 1.0–1.4× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 44 moguided 30 mo–42 mo | In line with the last year |
Aura BiosciencesAURAThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 11, 2026“We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operations into the first half of 2029.”Open the filing | $8.6M | $9.0M–$10.8M | 1.0–1.3× | H1 2029Jan–Jun 2029 | 38 moguided 30 mo–36 mo | In line with the last year |
Generate BiomedicinesGENBThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We believe, based upon our current operating plan, that these amounts will be sufficient to fund our current operating plan into the first half of 2028.”Open the filing | $20.0M | $19.0M–$25.3M | 1.0–1.3× | H1 2028Jan–Jun 2028 | 23 moguided 18 mo–24 mo | In line with the last year |
ImmuneeringIMRXThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 5, 2026“Based on our current business plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026 will enable us to fund our development activities and other operations into 2029.”Open the filing | $4.7M | $4.3M–$6.1M | 0.9–1.3× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 39 moguided 30 mo–42 mo | In line with the last year |
Acrivon TherapeuticsACRVThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 12, 2026“We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments as of June 30, 2026 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the fourth quarter of 2027.”Open the filing | $5.2M | $5.0M–$6.0M | 0.9–1.1× | Q4 2027Oct–Dec 2027 | 17 moguided 15 mo–18 mo | In line with the last year |
Amylyx PharmaceuticalsAMLXThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026 will be sufficient to fund our operations into 2028.”Open the filing | $10.5M | $8.3M–$13.9M | 0.8–1.3× | 2028Jan–Dec 2028 | 24 moguided 18 mo–30 mo | In line with the last year |
Solid BiosciencesSLDBThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We believe that our cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2026 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into mid-2028.”Open the filing | $15.6M | $14.5M–$17.1M | 0.9–1.1× | mid-2028May–Aug 2028 | 24 moguided 22 mo–26 mo | In line with the last year |
Zenas BioPharmaZBIOThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 13, 2026“We estimate that our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments will be sufficient to fund our projected operations and capital expenditure requirements into 2029.”Open the filing | $18.8M | $16.0M–$22.4M | 0.9–1.2× | 2029Jan–Dec 2029 | 36 moguided 30 mo–42 mo | In line with the last year |
Atea PharmaceuticalsAVIRThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 12, 2026“We believe that our available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our planned operations through 2027.”Open the filing | $12.7M | $12.1M–$12.9M | 1.0× | end of 2027Dec 2027 | 17 moguided 17 mo–18 mo | In line with the last year |
Korro BioKRROThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities outstanding as of June 30, 2026 will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2028.”Open the filing | $5.7M | $4.6M–$5.7M | 0.8–1.0× | H2 2028Jul–Dec 2028 | 24 moguided 24 mo–30 mo | In line with the last year |
Editas MedicineEDITThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 5, 2026“We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents on June 30, 2026 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2028 .”Open the filing | $10.0M | $7.0M–$8.8M | 0.7–0.9× | H2 2028Jul–Dec 2028 | 21 moguided 24 mo–30 mo | In line with the last year |
Prime MedicinePRMEThe sentence, 10-Q filed Aug 6, 2026“We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, and investments will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2027.”Open the filing | $13.0M | $5.3M–$15.6M | 0.4–1.2× | 2027Jan–Dec 2027 | 7.3 moguided 6 mo–18 mo | In line with the last year |
Guidance we could not compare
These companies give a dated runway, but it rests on something other than the cash on the balance sheet, most often an offering or milestone received after the quarter closed. Dividing quarter-end cash by their date would understate their planned burn, so they are listed rather than ranked.
CurisCRISQ4 2026
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based upon our current operating plan, we believe that our $5.1 million of existing cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026, together with the estimated net proceeds of approximately $4.8 million from the August 2026 Public Offering, should enable us to fund our existing operations into the fourth quarter of 2026.”
Open the filingAgenusAGENQ3 2027
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based on our current operating plan and projections, our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the net proceeds of the private placement, are expected to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements into the third quarter of 2027, assuming no exercise of the Series A or Series B Warrants.”
Open the filingTranscode TherapeuticsRNAZlate 2026
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Management believes that cash at June 30, 2026, along with proceeds from the July 2026 sale of a convertible note, are sufficient to fund the Company's operations and capital requirements to approximately year-end 2026.”
Open the filingPyxis OncologyPYXSQ2 2027
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“The Company expects that its current assets as of June 30, 2026 together with the upfront proceeds from the Private Placement to be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second quarter of 2027.”
Open the filingElicio TherapeuticsELTXQ1 2027
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“As of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe that our cash on hand will enable us to fund our operations into the first quarter of 2027 based on our current financial operating plan.”
Open the filingTScan TherapeuticsTCRXQ2 2027
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our current operating plan into the second quarter of 2027.”
Open the filingKaryopharm TherapeuticsKPTISep 2026
Going concern language: runway is set by financing terms, not spending plans
The sentence
“We expect that our existing liquidity, including cash, cash equivalents, and investments together with anticipated cash flow from net product revenue and license and other revenue, will enable us to fund our current operating plans into September 2026.”
Open the filingVoyager TherapeuticsVYGR2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based upon our current operating plan, we expect that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities at June 30, 2026, along with amounts expected to be received as reimbursement for development costs under our collaboration and license agreements with Neurocrine and Novartis and interest income, to be sufficient to meet our planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2028.”
Open the filingIntellia TherapeuticsNTLA2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Outlook Based on our research and development plans and our expectations related to the progress of our programs, we expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026, the net proceeds from our April 2026 equity offering, as well as research and cost reimbursement funding from our collaboration agreements, will enable us to fund our ongoing operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements at least into 2028, excluding any potential milestone payments or extension fees that could be earned and distributed under our collaboration agreements, any strategic use of capital not currently in the base case 27 planning assumptions and any potential commercial revenues...”
Open the filingDyne TherapeuticsDYNQ2 2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026, as well as the approximately $405.0 in net proceeds from the July 2026 offering, will enable us to fund our operating expenses, debt service obligations and capital expenditure requirements into the second quarter of 2028.”
Open the filingXilio TherapeuticsXLOQ1 2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based on our current operating plans, we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026, together with the $6.0 million development milestone achieved under the AbbVie collaboration in the second quarter of 2026, will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first quarter of 2028.”
Open the filingCogent BiosciencesCOGTlate 2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, with the $71.4 million net proceeds from shares sold under our ATM after the end of the quarter, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into late 2028, including through potential FDA approval of bezuclastinib and commercial launch for SM and GIST.”
Open the filingOdyssey TherapeuticsODTXH2 2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based on our current operating plan, we estimate that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2026 will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures into the second half of 2028.”
Open the filingCamp4 TherapeuticsCAMPend of 2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based on our current operating plan, we estimate that our cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026, together with the net proceeds of $46.9 million received from the Second Closing under the Purchase Agreement in August 2026, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through the end of 2028.”
Open the filingCompass TherapeuticsCMPX2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based on research and development plans, the Company expects such cash resources will fund operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2028.”
Open the filingVor BiopharmaVORearly 2029
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based on our current operating plan, we expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into early 2029.”
Open the filingAvalyn PharmaAVLN2029
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“We believe, based on our current operating plans, that our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures into 2029.”
Open the filingAktis OncologyAKTS2029
Going concern language: runway is set by financing terms, not spending plans
The sentence
“Based upon our current operating plans, we believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operations into 2029.”
Open the filingApnimedAPMDJun 2028
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based upon our current operating plan, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026, together with the net proceeds from our IPO, will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through June 2028.”
Open the filingSpero TherapeuticsSPROH2 2029
Guidance counts money received after quarter end
The sentence
“Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026, together with and including the net proceeds from the royalty financing transaction that closed in July 2026, offset by the upfront payment the Company is obligated to pay to Innovent in connection with the Innovent Agreement, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2029.”
Open the filing
Only the minimum
26 companies state only that cash covers at least twelve months from the date the financial statements are issued, which is the going concern test rather than guidance. Many give a sharper date on earnings calls or in investor decks; this page only reads what was filed.
CUE, NMRA, REPL, HOWL, ACET, DNA, FHTX, STOK, CBIO, XFOR, AGIO, NERV, TECX, BEAM, MBIO, JBIO, LAB, MRNA, TNGX, GLUE, VRTX, SRPT, ZVRA, VCEL, AKBA, IRWD
How this is built
Their words, their numbers.
Nothing here is an estimate of mine. The date is the company’s own sentence and the cash is its own balance sheet. The only arithmetic is the division.
Build this view for your board- The guidance
- The liquidity discussion in the latest 10-Q or 10-K, where a company says its cash will be sufficient to fund operations into a stated period. When a filing repeats the statement, the most specific version is used.
- Reading the date
- "Into the first half of 2028" means the cash lasts until some point in January to June 2028, so every derived figure is a range, from the earliest month to the latest. "Through" a period means to its end. Fiscal-year references are converted using the company's fiscal year end.
- Planned burn
- Cash and investments at quarter end divided by the months from quarter end to the guided date. It is the average monthly spend the guidance implies if cash runs to that date.
- Last year
- Average operating cash outflow over the last four reported quarters, the same burn the tracker uses. Pace is planned burn divided by this.
- The verdict
- Faster means the planned burn is at least 25% above last year even on the most generous reading of the wording; slower means at least 20% below on the least generous. Anything that overlaps is in line.
- What is left out
- Guidance that counts money received after quarter end, such as an offering, a milestone, or a loan draw, is listed but not ranked. So are companies with positive operating cash flow and those whose filing and financial data cover different quarters.
- Why it may overstate
- Companies often guide to the date cash reaches a minimum operating balance, or keep a cushion, rather than running to zero. That makes the true planned burn somewhat lower than shown, so treat the pace as an upper reading. Revenue does not distort it: both sides of the comparison are net of cash coming in.
- What this is not
- Not investment advice, and not a forecast of mine. Guidance changes every quarter. If a number looks off, the filing wins and I would like to hear about it.